Let's start with:
[Quran 36:36] Exalted is He who created (in) pairs all things.
This is an example of the inferiority of the English translation compared to the original Arabic. This verse does not say "in" pairs all things. Rather, if you look at a word for word translation, it says "
the pairs", not "in pairs". That is, Allah created "all
the pairs" of the Earth.
[Quran 51:49] And of all things We created two pairs...
In Arabic, (مِنْْ) “min“ could mean "some of"
Definitions: from, some, some of .
Some of, of. Indicating a segment of; a portion of. In other words, "
Some of all things we created pairs" in essence: "
a part of all things are made into pairs".
[Quran 13:3] and from all of the fruits He made therein two mates
Same thing as above.
A part of all the fruits have in them pairs. In other words: of all the fruits, there are pairs within them (fi-ha). This could be referring to some of the fruits with seeds which are diploid (have two sets/pairs of chromosomes, from the male and female components of the plant)
Believe it or not, this verse is a
significant MIRACLE. It is something, the prophet Muhammad could not have known! Let me explain. This verse uses the terminology "zawjayni ith'nayni"--which is weird terminology. Zawjayni means "two"/"pair" and Ith'nayin
also means "two". That means 4 in total! (2 pairs)!
What???! That doesn't make any sense?!! Actually it does:
Double fertilization: "The launch of seed development in flowering plants (angiosperms) is initiated by the process of double fertilization: two male gametes (sperm cells) fuse with two female gametes (egg and central cell) to form the precursor cells of the two major seed components, the embryo and endosperm, respectively." From:
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2014.00452 This is a peer reviewed scientific article, so cut the BS from those atheist/anti-Muslim websites that claim this Quranic verse is a contradiction because plants only have 1 sperm and 1 egg and that no plants have 2 pairs of sperm and eggs.
WRONG THEY ARE!! Double fertilization happens in some fruits (not single fertilization, DOUBLE fertilization). I cannot believe the stupidity and ignorance of anti-muslim apologists and the BS they spew on their websites and forums!
Now, did 7th century Arabs have a concept of double fertilization? How did Muhammad (pbuh) know??
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It seems to be that Allah is appealing to 7th century Arabs' astonishment with duality/dualism of the world and is saying "you see that thing that you are astonished by?--Allah created it". Allah said this in such a way to appeal to 7th century Arabs' dispositions while not making it a contradiction for future generations. Allah may have wanted to make it sound like at first glance to the 7th century Arabs that he was talking about duality in the world (Quran must support 7th century belief and relate to their dispositions) AND the objective nature of reality that will be discovered through science). If Allah said "and everything that exists in the heaven and the Earth are made in pairs", that would be a clear scientific error, but notice how the Quran was careful to avoid this. It is only human interpretation that messes things up; It is only the English translators that mess things up.