Dear All,
As-salamu alaykum
It is noteworthy that prophets were always being put through trials and at times, fell shy of what was expected of them. For example, Prophet Jonah was
rejected / condemned by God and considered as one of the
losers (
adhada - 37:141). He was further mentioned as
blameworthy (
alama 37:142). However, his repentance
was accepted as he had hitherto, been a faithful servant that had remembered / glorified God much (37:141).
Even Prophet Solomon's father, prophet David, was tried which he realised whilst providing his verdict in the case of the 99 Ewes (38:23-24). What real life incident the case of the Ewes underpinned the prophet's thoughts is not deemed important as the Quran has no intention to furnish details, and neither should one arguably unduly seek them.
[1] However, the point that even a prophet sought forgiveness and was subsequently forgiven (38:25) clearly underscores
once again the maxim that even the prophets were tried and at times, fell short of what God had expected of them.
This also gives hope to us mere mortals who are not prophets of God that God’s mercy is vast if we sincerely seek it.
In the verses leading to the narrative concerning Prophet Solomon, we learn that the same maxim is being presented by the Quran - the trial of a prophet and where he has realised the need to seek forgiveness for a certain incident. In verse 38:32, we learn that momentarily, Prophet Solomon preferred the good things of the world over the remembrance of God after which he realised and made amends (38:33).
He was then tried as mentioned in verse 38:34 and whatever the incident(s) this referred to, he had cause to repent as is clearly stated by the Quran (38:34). He was then forgiven (38:35).
Therefore, the following is clear:
- Verse 38:34: A trial took place after which Prophet Solomon repented.
- Verse 38:35: The prayer for forgiveness is stated and appears to be linked to sovereignty and power.
The fact that the prayer specifically requests God
not to grant such sovereignty to anyone else seems somewhat implausible to interpret as a selfish decree, given that this was man of God, a prophet. One expects altruism / goodwill and generosity from a prophet of God, not selfishness and greed.
Rather, the prayer appears to be a recognition that such power and sovereignty can cause mighty men to fall or at least be the cause of straying from God's remembrance. This seems to be supported by the previous verses where appreciation of worldly goods appears to have moved a prophet (Solomon) away from the remembrance of God, albeit momentarily.
The Bible makes many claims as to Prophet Solomon's weaknesses for women and possibly material wealth and his straying to idolatry. However, the Quran does not deem it appropriate to address, elaborate or clarify, other than clearly state that Prophet Solomon
never disbelieved (2:102) despite his trials, clearly defending him from
‘kufr’. The Arabic word
'Jasad' means a body but is also interpreted as a lifeless body. In the Quran, it has been used to describe the calf that the people of Moses made for idolatry (7:148; 20:88) and a reference to bodies that would not eat food as in verse 21:8. The interpretation for
‘Jasad’ has also been widened by some lexicographers to include other bodies such as those of different species such as the Jinn. However ,this is a tropical / figurative application.
Given that verse 38:34 presents a trial, 'jasad' in this context can be interpreted
as something that infers a loss of some kind. This is a somewhat metonymical interpretation but it would not be too fantastic a suggestion to imply
that 'Jasad' here implies a body of a person who became devoid of an essence that was expected of them to manage such a throne. Whether this implies a momentary lapse of remembrance in Prophet Solomon's rule to govern with such sovereignty and power (also supported by the context of the previous verses) indicated by a/his momentary lifeless (spiritual) body, or else, there has been a cause to repent by a Prophet of God. This interpretation appears to be supported by the previous verses where there is a momentary loss of remembrance and the actual prayer of repentance which follows which appears to protect others from being tested in a similar way.
Therefore, I respectfully do not support the suggestion presented in this thread as an opinion offered by Rashad Khalifa. In my humble view, this does little to no justice to the Arabic words of the Quranic text and also interpolates in a manner that does not do appropriate justice to the surrounding context.
Finally, the verses of the Quran are protected by God and clear in Arabic for anyone to consult. There is arguably no need for Islamic secondary sources to provide fanciful explanations.
Regards,
Joseph
REFERENCE:[1] UNKNOWN TOWNS AND NAMES - WHY FILL IN THE GAPS?http://quransmessage.com/articles/unknown%20towns%20and%20names%20FM3.htm