Dear miracle114,
As salaam Aleikum,
This refers to the verse you are concerned of, as quoted below:
"And if Allah were to punish men for that which they earned, He would not leave a moving (living) creature on the surface of the earth, but He gives them respite to an appointed term, and when their term comes, then verily, Allah is Ever All-Seer of His slaves." (35:45)
Also,
“And if Allah were to impose blame on the people for their wrongdoing, He would not have left upon the earth any creature, but He defers them for a specified term. And when their term has come, they will not remain behind an hour, nor will they precede [it].” (16:61)
In my humble view, with the verse in question above, it can be clearly followed from the previous verses to 35:45, shortly as from 35:40, how the “shurakaa” (partners ascribed to God) of the addressees of the discourse are depicted as inferior and helpless from the various rhetorical impossibilities advanced through the verses.
The audience is also reminded of how the former people (“awwaliin”) who transgressed were treated and that with God, His ways never change, “in that respect”. It is then suggested that they may travel through the land to observe how the ends of those former people had been.
At this point is when verse 35:45 is presented which would arguably be suggestive of the idea that if the like of what had been imposed on previous generations on account of their transgressions would be applied on every creature during their “lifetime,” none would have escaped the ultimate “punishment/blame” as it can be arguably admitted that we all “transgress some bounds” to some considerable level at least.
However, with Allah’s mercy, that is deferred for a specific term. Mostly inferable from that is the idea that we are always on a continuous cycle of transformations and this provides room for finding the truth, staying introspective for gradual change, repentance, etc. However, when the time finally comes, it is never delayed an hour nor surpassed!
The appointed term lapse referred to in the verse could be another topic of discussion as to whether in future “but still during the victim’s lifetime” or in the afterlife “after Judgement.”
Regards,
Athman.